Paper I
1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials, and Structural Analysis
1.1 Engineering Mechanics:
- Units and Dimensions: SI Units, Vectors.
- Concepts: Force, Particle and Rigid Body, Concurrent, Non-Concurrent, and Parallel Forces in a Plane.
- Moment of Force: Free Body Diagram, Conditions of Equilibrium.
- Principle of Virtual Work: Equivalent Force System.
- First and Second Moment of Area: Mass Moment of Inertia, Static Friction.
Kinematics and Kinetics:
- Kinematics: Cartesian Coordinates, Motion Under Uniform and Non-Uniform Acceleration, Motion Under Gravity.
- Kinetics of Particle: Momentum and Energy Principles, Collision of Elastic Bodies, Rotation of Rigid Bodies.
1.2 Strength of Materials:
- Stress and Strain: Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic Constants, Axially Loaded Compression Members.
- Shear Force and Bending Moment: Theory of Simple Bending, Shear Stress Distribution Across Cross Sections, Beams of Uniform Strength.
- Deflection of Beams: Methods include Macaulay’s Method, Mohr’s Moment Area Method, Conjugate Beam Method, and Unit Load Method.
- Torsion of Shafts: Elastic Stability of Columns, Euler’s, Rankine’s, and Secant Formulae.
1.3 Structural Analysis:
- Castigliano’s Theorems: Theorems I and II, Unit Load Method, Consistent Deformation Applied to Beams and Pin-Jointed Trusses.
- Slope-Deflection, Moment Distribution: Rolling Loads and Influence Lines for Shear Force and Bending Moment.
- Arches: Three-Hinged, Two-Hinged, and Fixed Arches, Rib Shortening and Temperature Effects.
- Matrix Methods of Analysis: Force Method, Displacement Method for Indeterminate Beams and Rigid Frames.
- Plastic Analysis of Beams and Frames: Theory of Plastic Bending, Plastic Analysis, Statical Method, Mechanism Method.
- Unsymmetrical Bending: Moment of Inertia, Product of Inertia, Position of Neutral Axis and Principal Axes, Bending Stresses Calculation.
2. Design of Structures: Steel, Concrete, and Masonry Structures
2.1 Structural Steel Design:
- Structural Steel: Factors of Safety, Load Factors, Riveted, Bolted, and Welded Joints and Connections.
- Design of Members: Tension and Compression Members, Beams of Built-up Sections, Riveted and Welded Plate Girders, Gantry Girders, Stancheons with Battens and Lacings.
2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures:
- Concept of Mix Design: Reinforced Concrete Design using Working Stress and Limit State Method (as per I.S. Codes).
- Design of Concrete Structures: Design of One-Way and Two-Way Slabs, Staircase Slabs, Simple and Continuous Beams of Rectangular, T, and L Sections.
- Compression Members: Under Direct Load with or Without Eccentricity, Cantilever and Counterfort Type Retaining Walls.
- Water Tanks: Design Requirements for Rectangular and Circular Tanks Resting on Ground.
- Prestressed Concrete: Methods and Systems of Prestressing, Anchorages, Analysis and Design of Sections for Flexure (based on Working Stress), Loss of Prestress.
- Design of Brick Masonry: As per I.S. Codes.
3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow, and Hydraulic Machines
3.1 Fluid Mechanics:
- Fluid Properties: Role in Fluid Motion, Fluid Statics including Forces Acting on Plane and Curved Surfaces.
- Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid Flow: Velocity and Accelerations, Streamlines, Equation of Continuity, Irrotational and Rotational Flow, Velocity Potential, and Stream Functions.
- Equations: Continuity, Momentum, Energy Equations, Navier-Stokes Equation, Euler’s Equation of Motion, Applications to Fluid Flow Problems, Pipe Flow, Sluice Gates, Weirs.
3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude:
- Buckingham’s Pi-Theorem: Dimensionless Parameters.
3.3 Laminar Flow:
- Laminar Flow: Between Parallel, Stationary and Moving Plates, Flow Through Tube.
3.4 Boundary Layer:
- Laminar and Turbulent Boundary Layers: On a Flat Plate, Laminar Sub-layer, Smooth and Rough Boundaries, Drag and Lift.
- Turbulent Flow Through Pipes: Characteristics of Turbulent Flow, Velocity Distribution, Variation of Pipe Friction Factor, Hydraulic Grade Line, Total Energy Line.
3.5 Open Channel Flow:
- Uniform and Non-Uniform Flows: Momentum and Energy Correction Factors, Specific Energy and Specific Force, Critical Depth, Rapidly Varied Flow, Hydraulic Jump, Gradually Varied Flow.
- Classification of Surface Profiles: Control Section, Step Method of Integration of Varied Flow Equation.
3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower:
- Hydraulic Turbines: Types, Classification, Choice of Turbines, Performance Parameters, Controls, Characteristics, Specific Speed.
- Principles of Hydropower Development.
4. Geotechnical Engineering
- Soil Type and Structure: Gradation and Particle Size Distribution, Consistency Limits.
- Water in Soil: Capillary and Structural, Effective Stress, Pore Water Pressure, Permeability Concept, Field and Laboratory Determination of Permeability, Seepage Pressure, Quick Sand Conditions.
- Shear Strength Determination: Mohr-Coulomb Concept.
- Compaction of Soil: Laboratory and Field Tests.
- Compressibility and Consolidation: Concept, Consolidation Theory, Consolidation Settlement Analysis.
- Earth Pressure Theory: Analysis for Retaining Walls, Application for Sheet Piles and Braced Excavation.
- Bearing Capacity of Soil: Approaches for Analysis, Field Tests, Settlement Analysis, Stability of Slopes.
- Subsurface Exploration of Soils: Methods.
Foundation:
- Types and Selection Criteria: Design Criteria for Foundations.
- Analysis of Distribution of Stress for Footings and Piles: Pile Group Action, Pile Load Test.
- Ground Improvement Techniques.
Paper II
1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning, and Management
1.1 Construction Technology
Engineering Materials:
- Physical properties of construction materials with respect to their use in construction.
- Stones, bricks, and tiles; lime, cement, different types of mortars, and concrete.
- Specific use of ferrocement, fibre-reinforced concrete, high-strength concrete, and timber.
- Properties, defects, and common preservation treatments of timber.
- Use and selection of materials for specific applications such as low-cost housing, mass housing, and high-rise buildings.
Construction:
- Principles of masonry using brick, stone, and blocks.
- Construction detailing and strength characteristics.
- Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing, and other construction features.
- Common repairs in buildings.
- Functional planning principles for residential and specific-use buildings.
- Building code provisions.
- Principles of detailed and approximate estimating, specification writing, and rate analysis.
- Principles of valuation of real property.
- Machinery for earthwork, concreting, and their specific uses.
- Factors affecting selection of equipment and operating costs.
1.2 Construction Planning and Management
- Construction activities, schedules, and organization for the construction industry.
- Quality assurance principles in construction.
- Use of network analysis (CPM and PERT) for construction monitoring, cost optimization, and resource allocation.
- Basic principles of economic analysis and methods.
- Project profitability, basic principles of financial planning, and toll fixation criteria.
2. Surveying and Transportation Engineering
2.1 Surveying
- Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurement for civil engineering work.
- Use in plane table, traverse survey, levelling, triangulation, contouring, and topographical mapping.
- Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing.
2.2 Railways Engineering
- Permanent way components, types, and their functions.
- Functions and design constituents of turnouts and crossings.
- Necessity of geometric design of track.
- Design of stations and yards.
2.3 Highway Engineering
- Principles of highway alignments, classification, and geometrical design elements for roads.
- Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements, design principles, and methodology.
- Typical construction methods and materials standards for stabilized soil, WBM, bituminous works, and CC roads.
- Surface and sub-surface drainage arrangements for roads and culvert structures.
- Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays.
- Traffic surveys, their application in traffic planning, and typical design features for intersections, signal designs, and standard traffic signs and markings.
3. Hydrology, Water Resources, and Engineering
3.1 Hydrology
- Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration, overland flow, hydrograph, flood frequency analyses, flood routing through reservoirs, and channel flow routing (Muskingam method).
3.2 Ground Water Flow
- Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined and unconfined aquifers, aquifers, aquitards, and radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined conditions.
3.3 Water Resources Engineering
- Ground and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, and reservoir sedimentation.
3.4 Irrigation Engineering
- Water requirements of crops: consumptive use, duty, and delta, irrigation methods, and their efficiencies.
- Canal distribution systems, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of canals, efficient section designs, lined canals, and regime theory.
- Water logging, its causes, and control methods.
- Canal structures: design of head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes, and canal outlets.
- Diversion headwork: principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable foundations, Khosla’s theory, and energy dissipation.
- Storage works: Types of dams, design, and principles of rigid gravity stability analysis.
- Spillways: types and energy dissipation.
- River training: objectives and methods of river training.
4. Environmental Engineering
4.1 Water Supply
- Predicting demand for water, impurities in water, and their significance.
- Physical, chemical, and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, and standards for potable water.
4.2 Intake of Water
- Water treatment: Principles of coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation.
- Slow, rapid, pressure filters, chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odor, and salinity.
4.3 Sewerage Systems
- Domestic and industrial wastes, sewerage systems, separate and combined systems, and flow through sewers.
- Design of sewers.
4.4 Sewage Characterization
- BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, and TOC.
- Standards for disposal in normal water courses and on land.
4.5 Sewage Treatment
- Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tank, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tanks, disposal of sludge, and recycling of wastewater.
4.6 Solid Waste
- Collection and disposal of solid waste in rural and urban contexts.
- Management of long-term ill effects.
5. Environmental Pollution
- Sustainable development, radioactive wastes and disposal, environmental impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects.
- Air pollution and pollution control acts.
